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Art, Architecture, Design & Travel

MY NOTES

I.
Types Of Sofa Sets:

Sofa types -1
Sofa Types-2
Sofa Types-3
Sofa Designs
Sofa Fabrics
Upholstery
Types-of-upholstery

II.

When buying new furniture or fabric to re-upholster furniture, you might not be thinking of the actual material you are purchasing. Instead, you are probably paying more attention to the pattern, color, and price of the couch, or fabric, you want. However, this could be a big mistake. Couch fabrics fall under three different categories: natural fibers, synthetic fibers, and leather.

Natural fibers come from animals, plants, and minerals, while synthetic fibers are man-made fibers meant to mimic natural fibers. Synthetic fibers are also meant to be stain-resistance. The leather is made from the skin of animals.

Natural fibers include linen, wool, silk, and cotton. The leather is often put into the natural fibers category. Synthetic fibers include polyester, nylon, acrylic, olefin, rayon and acetate. Being aware of the different types of couch fabric is important. When purchasing furniture or fabric, you want to consider where the furniture is going to be in the home, and how it is going to be used.

Couches that are made out of linen and silk should only be used in formal living rooms because they are not the toughest of fabrics. Linen wrinkles and gets dirty quickly. It won’t last long when being used often. Silk is even more delicate. It ruins easily, and should only be cleaned professionally when dirtied; otherwise, you run the risk of ruining it completely.

Leather, cotton, wool, and vinyl are fantastic fabrics for couches that receive heavy use. The leather is easy to clean, and can be vacuumed and wiped when needed. Although in hot weather, it can become sticky and uncomfortable to sit on.

Cotton and wool are fairly resistant to fading and wear on the fabric. However, wool is better at resisting dirt and wrinkling than cotton. Vinyl is one of the best couch fabrics for informal family rooms, as it’s easy to take care of, and is cheaper than other materials.

Rayon is a fabric imitation of silk, linen, and cotton. Unlike silk, rayon is considered to be durable, but it is susceptible to wrinkles. Acetate is a good substitute for silk, as it’s a good imitation, but is resistant to mould and shrinking. It is also more resistant to dirt and wrinkles than silk is. However, it still shouldn’t be used for couches consistently used.

Polyester and nylon are often blended in with other fibers to make couch fabrics more durable. They tend to be more resistant to wrinkling and fading. Acrylic is a substitute for wool and is resistant to dirt, wrinkling, and fading. Olefin is possibly the strongest of the synthetic fibers. It’s great for couches that are going to be heavily used. Olefin is resistant to staining, fading, and chemicals.

As you can see, being familiar with the different types of couch fabrics is important. If you’re buying fabric for a couch that is going to be used every day by kids and pets, you need to purchase a durable fabric such as olefin or vinyl. You don’t want to purchase fabric that you’re going to have to constantly replace.

III.
Indian Architecture

One of the most enduring achievements of Indian civilization is undoubtedly its architecture. Indian architecture, which has evolved through centuries, is the result of socio-economic and geographical conditions. Different types of Indian architectural styles include a mass of expressions over space and time, transformed by the forces of history considered unique to India. As a result of vast diversities, a vast range of architectural specimens have evolved, retaining a certain amount of continuity across history.

Indian architecture, belonging to different periods of history, bears the stamp of respective periods. Though the cities of Indus Valley provide substantial evidence of extensive town planning, the beginnings of Indian architecture can be traced back to the advent of Buddhism in India. It was in this period that a large number of magnificent buildings came up. Some of the highlights of Buddhist art and architecture are the Great Stupa at Sanchi and the rock-cut caves at Ajanta.

With the establishment of Hindu kingdoms in South India, the south Indian school of architecture began to flourish. The most notable achievements of the Pallava rulers were the rock-cut temples of Mahabalipuram and the temples of Kanchipuram. The Chola, Hoyasala and Vijayanagar rulers also did remarkable job in the field of architecture. The temples at Thanjavur, Belur and Halebid bear testimony to the architectural excellence of the South Indian rulers.

In north India, there developed a new a different style of architecture. This was called as the Nagara style architecture. In central India, the Chandela rulers built a magnificent temple complex at Khajuraho. With the coming of the Muslim rulers, there developed a new architectural style in India- the Indo-Islamic architecture. The Indo-Islamic style was neither strictly Islamic nor strictly Hindu. The architecture of the medieval period can be divided into two main categories. They are the Delhi or the Imperial Style and the Mughal Architecture.

It was followed by a new style of architecture that developed as a result of colonization of India. This style of architecture came to be called as Indo-Saracenic. The Indo-Saracenic architecture combined the features of Hindu, Islamic and western elements. The colonial architecture exhibited itself through institutional, civic and utilitarian buildings such as post offices, railway stations, rest houses and government buildings.

Colonial Architecture
Like all other aspects, colonization of Indian also had an impact on architecture style. With colonization, a new chapter in Indian architecture began. The Dutch, Portuguese and the French made their presence felt through their buildings but it was the English who had a lasting impact on architecture.

Indo Islamic Architecture
The medieval period saw great developments in the field of architecture. With the coming of Muslims to India, many new features came to be introduced in buildings. The development of Muslim Style of Architecture of this period can be called the Indo-Islamic Architecture or the Indian Architecture influenced by Islamic Art. The Indo-Islamic style was neither strictly Islamic nor strictly Hindu.

Ancient Architecture
Indian architecture is as old as the history of the civilization. The earliest remains of recognizable building activity in the India dates back to the Indus Valley cities. Among India's ancient architectural remains, the most characteristic are the temples, Chaityas, Viharas, Stupas and other religious structures.

Cave Architecture
The cave architecture in India is believed to have begun in the third century BC. These caves were used by Buddhist and Jain monks as places of worship and residence. Initially the caves were excavated in the western India. Some examples of this type of cave structure are Chaityas and Viharas of Buddhists.

Rock Cut
The Rock-cut structures present the most spectacular piece of ancient Indian art specimen. Most of the rock-cut structures were related to various religious communities. In the beginning, remarkable Buddhist and Jain monuments were produced in areas such as Bihar in the east and Maharashtra in the west.

Temple Architecture
In ancient India, temple architecture of high standard developed in almost all regions. The distinct architectural style of temple construction in different parts was a result of geographical, climatic, ethnic, racial, historical and linguistic diversities. Ancient Indian temples are classified in three broad types. This classification is based on different architectural styles, employed in the construction of the temples.

III.

INDIA ART FAIR 2017

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